New research shows interrupting oral bacteria signaling can reduce plaque buildup

A new study published in the journal npj Biofilms and Microbiomes found that interfering with the communication between harmful oral bacteria while preserving beneficial bacteria can reduce plaque buildup. By allowing bacteria that supporthealthy oral functions alone to keep communicating, they can reproduce in the mouth and foster a healthier microbiome in the process. Since antimicrobial resistance is rising, this new method of disrupting microbial "conversations" may be a significant advancement in upholding oral health.

How bacteria "speak" to one another

There are over 700 species of bacteria that reside in the human mouth, and they communicate with each other through a method called quorum sensing. Some species "talk" to each other via molecules called N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs).

Researchers at the College of Biological Sciences and the School of Dentistry found that interfering with the communication channels of negative bacteria inhibits them from doing harm to their host, thus allowing beneficial species to prosper.Specialized enzymes called lactonases can be used to eliminate the AHL signals used by deleterious species.

What scientists have discovered

From their findings, the research team determined the following:

1. Dental plaque bacteria produce AHLs signals in aerobic environments (such as above the gumline) which are received by bacteria in anaerobic environments (beneath the gumline).

2. Removing AHL signals enriched dental plaque species associated with positive oral health

3. The use of different enzymes to disrupt communication channels could modify the dental plaque community and therefore be used to maintain a healthy microbial population

Mikael Elias, associate professor in the College of Biological Sciences, explained that, within a bacterial ecosystem, the initial species are benign and exist to promote a healthy mouth. However, as these species multiply and grow diverse, negative bacteria can crop up and cause issues like periodontal disease.

In the study, lead author Rakesh Sikdar reported the following: "When we blocked AHL signaling in aerobic conditions, we saw more heagumlineociated bacteria. But when we added AHLs under anaerobic conditions, we promoted the growth of disease-associated late colonizers. Quorum sensing may play very different roles above and below the gumline, which has major implications for how we approach treatment of periodontal diseases."

Future research

Moving forward, scientists aim to study the communication system between bacteria in different parts of the mouth through patients with varying stages of periodontal disease in order to cull and control the bacteria population. According to the report, "The team hopes this method can be the foundation for therapeutics that can be used throughout the body, where microbiome dysbiosis causes health problems, and is linked to certain types of cancer."

Reference

1. A new way to prevent gum disease without wiping out good bacteria. ScienceDaily. December 16, 2025. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/12/251215084218.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com